Журнали входять до переліку наукових фахових видань ВАК України http://dspace.tnpu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26 2026-06-26T06:51:12Z 2026-06-26T06:51:12Z Влах, Мирослава Борсук, Юрій http://dspace.tnpu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/41480 2026-06-24T11:06:54Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Назва: Просторова диференціація послуг соціальної інфраструктури Львівської області Автори: Влах, Мирослава; Борсук, Юрій Короткий огляд (реферат): У статті наголошено на важливості дослідження просторової диференціації послуг соціальної інфраструктури для забезпечення рівного доступу населення до якісних соціальних гарантій у сфері освіти, медицини, культури. Виділено п’ять статистичних кластерів послуг соціальної інфраструктури у розрізі територіальних громад Львівської області. Виявлені територіальні розриви в наданні послуг соціальної інфраструктури необхідно враховувати у розробленні стратегій реґіонального розвитку.; The article highlights the importance of studying spatial differentiation in the provision of social infrastructure services to ensure equal access for the population to high-quality social services in the fields of education, healthcare and culture. Based on cluster analysis, five statistical clusters of social infrastructure service development in the Lviv Oblast have been identified and analysed. It has been established that the first statistical cluster, formed within the territory of the former Busk, Horodok, Kamianka-Buzka and Peremyshliany rayons, is characterised by indicators of development in education, healthcare and culture that are below the oblast average. It has been demonstrated that the spatial organisation of the cluster’s social infrastructure services lacks territorial integrity due to the influence of local socio-economic and settlement factors. It has been found that the second statistical cluster comprises individual lowland, mountainous, foothill and hilly (ridge) territorial hromadas. The indicators of educational and cultural development in this cluster are lower than the oblast average. The characteristics of the spatial organisation of social infrastructure services provision within the cluster have been identified, which are determined by its peripheral location with limited transport accessibility and the specific natural and geographical conditions. It has been established that the third statistical cluster is geographically contiguous, the smallest in terms of area and the largest in terms of population, as it is situated within the boundaries of the Lviv territorial hromada. The spatial characteristics of the development of social infrastructure services in this cluster are determined by the functioning of a powerful urban core, which concentrates the main functions of providing services in the humanitarian sphere and acts as a centre of gravity for the surrounding areas. A fourth statistical cluster has been identified to the south and east of the city of Lviv within the former Pustomyty rayon, with indicators of educational and cultural development higher than the regional average, and a shortage of beds in healthcare facilities. The “pull” effect of medical functions by the agglomeration’s core and the dependence of suburban areas on Lviv in the healthcare sector have been identified. A description is provided of the fifth statistical cluster, covering territories within the sphere of influence of the industrial cities of the Carpathian Foothills, the Holohory Range and Roztochya. The inertia in the formation and preservation of the influence of industrial specialisation in these territories has been confirmed. Two spatial zones of social infrastructure development have been identified in the Lviv region. The well developed north-south zone is determined by the location of former towns of regional significance (Sheptytskyi, Mykolaiv, Zhydachiv, Stryi, Drohobych, Sambir). The underdeveloped east-west zone is situated within the Holohory Range, Voronyaky and Roztochia. Its underdevelopment is explained by the long-term adverse impact of its proximity to the state border. Within this zone, the Busk-Peremyshliany and Yavoriv-Mostyska peripheries are distinguished. The scale effect of the regional centre has been identified, which determines the development of inter-settlement links in the provision of social and cultural services. A spatial gradient in the development of social infrastructure services in Lviv Oblast has been identified using the “centre–periphery” model, which shows the highest concentration of services in the Lviv territorial hromada and a decline in peripheral and mountainous areas. Agglomeration and peripheral spatial models of social infrastructure service development have been developed, and directions for their further development have been identified. The limitations of a quantitative approach to identifying spatial disparities in the provision of social services have been recognised, as has the need to take qualitative indicators into account (staffing levels, service quality, transport accessibility).

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Яворська, Вікторія Мельник, Андрій Мельник, Надія http://dspace.tnpu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/41479 2026-06-24T10:59:38Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Назва: Демографічний розвиток населення України у вимірі показників дитячої смертності: гендерні особливості та європейський контекст Автори: Яворська, Вікторія; Мельник, Андрій; Мельник, Надія Короткий огляд (реферат): У статті досліджено тенденції дитячої смертності в Україні, здійснено просторову диференціацію показника за регіонами та визначено гендерні диспропорції та проведено порівняльний аналіз із показниками ЄС. Виявлено ключові чинники, що впливають на рівень смертності серед дітей, та оцінено зміни гендерних нерівностей у національному та європейському контексті.; The issue of the demographic development of the population of Ukraine is multifaceted and in terms of mortality rates acts as an important indicator of the demographic crisis and depopulation trends in the country. In this context, it is appropriate to study mortality in two interrelated dimensions: age-related, characterized by infant mortality rates as the most sensitive indicator of early loss, and integral, represented by life expectancy at birth, which accumulates the impact of mortality in all age groups. This approach makes it possible to provide a comprehensive vision of demographic processes and deepen the analytical assessment of their modern transformations. The purpose of the study is to analyze infant mortality trends in Ukraine, identify gender disparities and compare their manifestations in the European space. In Ukraine, the infant mortality rate is included in the list of monitoring indicators of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, used to assess the level of socio-economic development of regions. Throughout 1990‒2023, there is a clear trend towards a decrease in the infant mortality rate in Ukraine. As of 2024, the infant mortality rate was 8.7‰, which makes it possible for Ukraine to rank 141st in the ranking of countries in the world. The absolute minimum infant mortality rate was recorded in 2020, when the rate decreased to 6.7‰. At the same time, even in this relatively favorable period, the values remained higher than the average indicators characteristic of European countries (5‰). Analysis of the indicator by gender shows a consistently higher infant mortality rate among boys (12.3‰), while the infant mortality rate among girls was 6.3‰. The differentiation of this indicator within the territory of Ukraine shows the excess of mortality of boys in all regions of Ukraine, except for Dnipropetrovsk, Poltava and Khmelnytskyi regions. During almost the entire studied period, infant mortality rates lower than average statistical values were observed in Ternopil, Poltava, Kyiv, Vinnytsia regions, while higher than average ‒ in Rivne, Kherson, Ivano Frankivsk, and Donetsk regions. The positive dynamics of the decrease in the infant mortality rate can be traced in all regions of Ukraine without exception. At the same time, the fastest rate of reduction of the indicator is recorded in Ivano-Frankivsk, Kirovohrad, Odesa, Vinnytsia regions (reduction rate of 59.5‒65.9%). Overall, the rate has more than halved in more than 30 years, which is in line with global trends, but still exceeds the average level of European Union countries. High infant mortality rates in Ukraine in the early 1990s were caused by a complex of systemic crisis factors of an economic, medical and social nature. Instead, their decline in the twenty-first century was the result of economic stabilization, reform of the health system and the development of preventive medicine. A key feature of today's changes is that the greatest reduction has been due to a reduction in deaths from managed causes, suggesting an increase in the effectiveness of the health system and social policies.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Кравець, Тарас http://dspace.tnpu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/41478 2026-06-24T10:54:23Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Назва: Географічний аналіз рельєфу місцевості на основі цифрових моделей рельєфу та тривимірної візуалізації Автори: Кравець, Тарас Короткий огляд (реферат): Обґрунтовано актуальність використання цифрових моделей рельєфу (DEM) та тривимірної візуалізації як ефективних інструментів сучасного географічного аналізу місцевості. У статті розглянуто методичні засади застосування DEM у поєднанні з геоінформаційними технологіями для дослідження морфологічних характеристик рельєфу та просторової структури території. Особливу увагу приділено можливостям тривимірного представлення місцевості, яке забезпечує підвищення наочності інтерпретації геопросторових даних. Проаналізовано основні етапи географічного аналізу місцевості, зокрема формування тривимірної моделі, оцінювання крутизни схилів, визначення умов прохідності та аналіз видимості. Запропоновано структурно-логічну модель географічного аналізу місцевості, яка відображає послідовність виконання дослідження та взаємозв’язок його основних етапів. У роботі також узагальнено залежність ефективності використання території від характеристик рельєфу, що дозволяє формалізувати вплив морфологічних параметрів на просторові можливості місцевості.; The purpose of this article is to analyze the methodological foundations and practical capabilities of using digital elevation models (DEM) and three-dimensional visualization for geographical analysis of terrain. The study is focused on substantiating the transition from traditional two-dimensional cartographic approaches to integrated spatial analysis based on modern geoinformation technologies. Particular attention is paid to the interpretation of terrain morphology, assessment of slope steepness, visibility conditions, and spatial structure of the territory within a unified analytical framework. Methodology. The research is based on the integration of digital elevation models into a geoinformation environment with subsequent three-dimensional visualization of terrain. Methods of spatial analysis, visual interpretation, and cartographic generalization were applied to assess terrain characteristics. The study includes the analysis of slope steepness, terrain passability, and visibility conditions using 3D models, as well as the development of a structural-logical model describing the sequence of geographical analysis. A generalized functional relationship between terrain characteristics and the efficiency of spatial use was also formulated. Results. The results demonstrate that the use of digital elevation models combined with three-dimensional visualization significantly enhances the clarity, accuracy, and analytical depth of geographical analysis. The integration of terrain parameters such as slope, elevation differences, and visibility allows for a comprehensive assessment of spatial properties of the territory. It is shown that complex terrain with high slope variability reduces spatial accessibility, while areas with moderate slopes and favorable visibility conditions provide better opportunities for effective use. The developed structural-logical model reflects the последовательность перехода from raw geospatial data to analytical interpretation and decision-making. The proposed approach enables the transformation of descriptive terrain analysis into a more systematic and quantitative process. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the development of an integrated approach to geographical analysis of terrain based on the combined use of DEM and 3D visualization. For the first time, a последовательная схема перехода from terrain visualization to analytical interpretation and further formalization of results is proposed. The study also introduces a generalized relationship between terrain characteristics and spatial efficiency, which expands the methodological framework of modern geographical and geoinformation research. Practical significance. The results of the study can be applied in geographical, geomorphological, and geoinformation research, as well as in spatial planning and territorial analysis. The proposed approach enables: – Improved interpretation of terrain morphology; – Enhanced assessment of spatial accessibility and visibility conditions; – Integration of multiple terrain parameters into a unified analytical framework; – Increased reliability of spatial analysis results; – Effective use of DEM in applied geospatial tasks. Thus, the application of digital elevation models in combination with three-dimensional visualization represents an important step in the development of modern methods of geographical analysis. Further research may focus on improving quantitative models of terrain assessment, integrating DEM with remote sensing data, and expanding the use of three-dimensional geospatial analysis in various scientific and applied domains.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Касіяник, Ігор Гарбар, Владислав Касіяник, Любов Матуз, Ольга Пасека, Любов http://dspace.tnpu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/41477 2026-06-24T10:45:37Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Назва: Просторове моделювання локальних малюнків гідромережі річки Смотрич як індикатора геоморфологічних процесів Автори: Касіяник, Ігор; Гарбар, Владислав; Касіяник, Любов; Матуз, Ольга; Пасека, Любов Короткий огляд (реферат): Проаналізовано просторову структуру гідромережі річки Смотрич з метою ідентифікації напрямів геоморфологічних процесів для потреб збалансованого природокористування. Досліджено вплив тектонічних рухів, розломів та реліктового рельєфу на формування локальних малюнків гідромережі, таких як деревоподібний, радіальний, кільцевий та паралельний. Виділено 10 локацій відцентрового малюнка, що безпосередньо вказують на локальні підняття, та проаналізовано зони активних річкових перехватів із басейнами Південного Бугу, Мукші, Жванчика тощо. За просторовими особливостями малюнків гідромережі територію басейну Смотрича районовано на 5 специфічних ділянок: нижньої течії, товтрову, середньої течії, верхньої течії та верхів’я. Встановлено 4 етапи формування гідромережі у тісному взаємозв'язку з регресивною ерозією та розвитком долини річки Дністер — від межі нижнього та середнього плейстоцену до голоцену. Спрогнозовано подальший розвиток ерозійних процесів, яроутворення, поглиблення русел та формування нових перехватів, що має вагоме практичне значення для розробки довгострокових прогнозів стану водних об’єктів та регіонального моніторингу.; The presented article is devoted to the comprehensive spatial modeling of local drainage patterns within the Smotrych River hydrographic network, utilizing these patterns as precise indicators of active and historical geomorphological processes. Forecasting hydrological dynamics in the watercourses of the Podolian region requires the continuous development and refinement of monitoring methodologies. The drainage pattern serves as a direct manifestation of geomorphological evolution; therefore, employing a spatial model that integrates typical patterns and reflects the geographical conditions of the territory allows for the reconstruction of past developmental stages and the automated prediction of future environmental changes. The primary aim of this research is to identify the underlying trends of geomorphological processes in the Smotrych River basin to facilitate balanced nature management and sustainable regional planning. The Smotrych River, a typical left-bank tributary of the Dniester River located within the Podolian Upland, exhibits active erosional processes, including the continuous deepening of existing channels and the active development of new gullies and ravines. Furthermore, the basin is characterized by pronounced river captures involving neighboring river networks. The foundational tectonic structure of the studied territory is determined by its position on the southwestern periphery of the East European Platform, specifically within the Podolian Precambrian transverse uplift. The spatial variations in the hydrographic network are primarily dictated by a complex system of faults and fractures. Ancient faults, such as the Antopil fault, dictate the axial alignment of the main river, while younger faults, like the Tovtry fault, divide the territory into distinct structural blocks—a lowered southern part and an uplifted northern part. Through detailed spatial analysis, the study identifies the direct influence of tectonic movements on the formation of radial and annular drainage patterns. The authors analyzed ten specific locations exhibiting centrifugal patterns, which directly indicate localized tectonic uplifts. Uneven channel drops in these zones highlight ongoing competition for catchment areas, with the Smotrych network actively expanding at the expense of neighboring basins in certain locations. An explicit annular pattern was identified in the headwaters of the Trostianets River tributaries, corresponding to a local tectonic uplift. Relief and lithology act as equally critical factors in the basin's formation. The alternation of plains and remnant ridges results in parallel and dendritic network configurations. The defining role of relief is particularly evident in the Tovtry zone of the basin, where the relict relief of the main and lateral reef ridges has led to the formation of closed basins and sub-annular channel configurations, often forming an "atoll trap". Additionally, lithological transitions, such as the river reaching Paleozoic sedimentary surfaces or Silurian deposits, trigger the formation of waterfalls, swampy floodplains, and deeply incised omego-shaped meanders along ancient faults. Active zones of river captures are traced throughout the basin, being most pronounced in the northern section and the peripheries of the middle and upper courses. The study documents the capture of the Southern Bug basin, evidenced by the sub-latitudinal orientation of the Smotrych headwaters. Well-defined captures of the Muksha River headwaters by the Chornyvodka and Dvoyatynka tributaries are also analyzed, alongside captures of the Zhvanchyk River headwaters by the Skvyla and Soroka rivers. Based on the distinct variations in regional drainage patterns, the researchers divided the Smotrych basin into five specific geomorphological zones: the lower course (characterized by high asymmetry and waterfalls), the Tovtry zone (featuring a reverse-symmetric pattern restricted by ridges), the middle course (highly asymmetric with large parallel tributaries like Yaromyrka on the right bank), the upper course (displaying a symmetric dendritic pattern up to 40 km wide), and the headwaters (characterized by a straight, sub-latitudinal main channel with pronounced capture hooks). Finally, the spatial structure analysis enables the identification of four distinct evolutionary stages of the hydrographic network, deeply connected to the regressive erosion of the Dniester River valley: the boundary of the Early and Middle Pleistocene, the Middle Pleistocene, the Late Pleistocene, and the Holocene. The study concludes that the deepening of main and tributary channels is ongoing. Anthropogenic factors, such as deforestation on watershed remnants, land reclamation, and the destruction of artificial reservoir dams, actively accelerate linear erosion, gully formation, and new river captures. The developed spatial models provide a crucial foundation for the long-term forecasting of regional water bodies and the mitigation of destructive anthropogenic impacts.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z