Поліфонія як засіб викладення музичного матеріалу в аранжуваннях вокальних ансамблів a capella

Abstract

У статті розглянуто особливості побудови фактури в аранжуваннях для вокальних гуртів a capella, що дуже поширені в музичній культурі сьогодення. Проаналізовано композиції видатних колективів, у яких поєднуються різні типи гомофонної та поліфонічної фактури, що створюють своєрідний мішаний тип фактури з почерговим домінуванням одного або іншого складу. Розкрито специфіку створення композицій у різних стильових напрямках. Виокремлено засоби музичної мови, що їх найчастіше використовують у композиціях подібного типу.

В статье рассмотрены особенности построения фактуры в аранжировках для вокальных групп a capella, которые очень распространены в музыкальной культуре современности. Проанализированы композиции выдающихся коллективов, в которых сочетаются различные типы гомофонной и полифонической фактуры, создающих своеобразный смешанный тип фактуры с поочередным доминированием одного или другого состава. Раскрыта специфика создания композиций в различных стилевых направлениях. Выделены средства музыкального языка, наиболее часто используемые в композициях подобного типа.

The article deals with the features of constructing an invoice in arrangement for vocal groups a capella, which are very common in the musical culture of the present. Compositions of outstanding collectives are analyzed, in which different types of homophone and polyphonic textures are combined, creating a kind of mixed type of texture with alternating dominance of one or another composition. The specifics of creation of compositions in different style directions are revealed. The means of musical language that are most often used in compositions of this type are singled out. The execution of music a capella is very common today. It is worth recalling such collectives as the American Pentatonix, the domestic Mansound and the Belarusian Camerata. They perform a variety of repertoires, including folk songs, jazz, pop and rock hits, as well as original authoring compositions. Often in their practice, singers use modern equipment. It includes technical devices (microphones, monitors, processors for sound processing) and a variety of software. Performing versatile and multi-style repertoire, this type of singers’ collective is quite in demand in the contemporary musical space. Researchers analyze the repertoire of such collectives, their performances, features of sound recording. However, the arrangement of vocal ensembles is one of the least studied in the national musicology. In pop music, a large percentage of arrangements is a song form, sometimes blues. In modern vocal ensemble, their own compositions can be constructed in a simple three-part form, sometimes in a complex three-part. Polyphony in the arrangement is used to create more expressive lines. A voice that sings a melody on its own is not as expressive as two independent voices, which simultaneously reproduce different melodies. Polyphony makes music more complex and at the same time allows you to translate some interesting musical ideas. With a variety of different themes that sound simultaneously, you can create many different combinations while listening to rhythmic and rhythmic patterns. Polyphony happens in different types. The sub-genre type is typical of folk songs, especially for Ukrainian, Belorussian and Russian. In this type of polyphony, along with the main melody sounded her slightly modified variants – pidgolosky. Another type – simulation polyphony is built on one theme, which alternately passes in different voices, sometimes modifying. This type of polyphony has been widely used in the Baroque era and is being used today. Contrast-thematic polyphony – polyphony in which simultaneously sound different themes, which are well-coordinated in harmony. Hidden polyphony – used during the works of J. S. Bach, and expressed in the concealment of thematic intonations in the texture of the work. To date, all types of polyphony are used in contemporary academic and jazz music. The expressive quality of polyphony is to reproduce the sense of continuous motion of the voices. In the arrangement of pop songs imitation and contrasting types are used. They are combined with a homophonic-harmonic texture, creating a peculiar homophonic-polyphonic shape. Also there are frequent alternations of presentation polyphonic and homophonic-harmonic.