Креативні індустрії та креативна економіка: теоретико-практичні аспекти взаємозв’язків

Abstract

У статті досліджується концептуальні зв’язки між креативними індустріями та креативною економікою. Проаналізовано теоретичні підходи до визначення цих понять, розглянуто їх структурні елементи та внутрішні взаємозв’язки. На основі аналізу міжнародного досвіду та сучасних тенденцій запропоновано інтегративну модель співвідношення креативних індустрій та креативної економіки, що розкриває багаторівневий характер їх взаємодії на структурному, функціональному та ціннісному рівнях. Проаналізовано практичні аспекти взаємодії креативних індустрій та креативної економіки на основі актуальних статистичних даних та обґрунтовано їх значення для формування ефективної державної політики розвитку креативного сектору. Обґрунтовано роль креативних індустрій як рушійної сили інноваційного розвитку та соціально-економічних трансформацій в умовах креативної економіки.

The rapid development of creative industries and the formation of the creative economy as a new paradigm of economic growth actualizes the need for a deep theoretical understanding of the interrelationships between these concepts. Despite growing research in this field, fundamental problems remain unresolved, including conceptual uncertainty, fragmentation of research, underestimation of multi-level interactions, problems of statistical accounting and comparison of indicators of the creative sector development between countries and regions, and difficulties in developing effective state policies. This study aims to theoretically substantiate the relationship between "creative industries" and "creative economy," analyze their structural elements, and develop an integrative model of their interaction at structural, functional, and value levels. The research methodology is based on comprehensive analysis of international experience, modern trends, and statistical data. The evolution demonstrates transformation from cultural industries studied by the Frankfurt School in the 1930s to modern comprehensive economic phenomena. "Creative industries" was officially first used in 1998 by the UK DCMS, defining them as "those industries which have their origin in individual creativity, skill and talent and which have a potential for wealth and job creation through the generation and exploitation of intellectual property." The creative economy concept emerged later through contributions from John Howkins, Richard Florida, and Charles Landry. Structural analysis reveals creative industries as economic sectors uniting enterprises, organisations and individual entrepreneurs whose activities are based on individual creativity, skills, and talent, creating high addedvalue products through intellectual property development. Various models have been developed by different organizations, including John Howkins (15 creative sectors), NESTA (four business models), UNCTAD (six types of creative outputs and about ten industry categories), and David Throsby's concentric circles model. The creative economy is a broader concept encompassing not only creative industries but also socio-economic relations related to production, distribution, and consumption of creativity-based goods and services. Its structural elements include the creative class, creative industries, institutional environment, innovation and digital infrastructure, and creative spaces. The proposed integrative model considers interaction at three levels. At the structural level, creative industries form the creative economy's core, with the creative class as driving force. At the functional level, creative industries generate ideas, innovations, and solutions that penetrate traditional sectors, while creative economy creates favorable development conditions. At the value level, creative industries form new value systems based on creativity, innovation, individuality, and cultural diversity. Practical aspects demonstrate significant economic impact. According to UNCTAD, the creative economy in 2022 created 0.5-7.3 % of GDP and provided 0.5-12.5 % of workforce employment. Creative services exports reached $1.4 trillion USD, nearly double creative goods exports ($713 billion USD). Creative industries generate $2.3 trillion USD annually worldwide (3.1% of global GDP), with projections reaching 10% by 2030. The creative economy shows high multiplier effects: each creative job creates up to 1.9 jobs in related sectors, and every $1 spent generates $2.5 economic effect. For Ukraine, the creative sector represented 7 % of GDP in 2021, with potential exceeding 10%. Despite war challenges, Ukraine exported $3.766 billion in creative services in 2022, creating a $3.042 billion positive trade balance. The research concludes that creative industries and creative economy exist in complex multi-level interaction, with creative industries serving as the system-forming core, generating innovations and transforming socio-economic relations. The integrative model provides theoretical significance and practical value for effective state policy formation to stimulate creative sector development.