Просторо-часовий аналіз змін в екосистемах районів вирощування сільськогосподарських культур із застосуванням геоінформайційних систем і даних дистанційних знімань

Abstract

На прикладі ділянки на території України поблизу Гусятина Тернопільської області, яке об’єднує множину полів проаналізовано стан посівів. Продемонстровано інформативність дешифрування карт об’єкта ділянок посівів у межах території України, які об’єднують множину полів конкретного агропідпрриємства. Аналіз даних дистанційного зондування землі демонструє значний потенціал для точного моніторингу стану посівів. Застосування вегетаційних індексів, таких як NDVI, дозволяє оцінити біомасу рослин, виявити стресові стани та своєчасно вжити заходів для їх усунення. Крім того, ця технологія може бути використана для картографування типів ґрунтів, визначення зон ризику посухи та шкідників, а також для оптимізації використання добрив та пестицидів. Впровадження систем дистанційного зондування в сільське господарство є важливим кроком на шляху до створення розумного сільського господарства та забезпечення продовольчої безпеки.

The article discusses the possibilities of applying the theory of information systems to the processing of remote sensing data and methods based on the satellite positioning system. Food security is one of the most important tasks. Given climate change and the growing demand for food, agriculture requires innovative approaches. One of these solutions is precision agriculture, which combines technological advances with traditional farming methods to increase resource efficiency and reduce the negative impact on the environment. With precision agriculture, farmers can adapt their farming strategies to changing climatic conditions. Precision farming allows farmers to apply inputs more precisely, taking into account the specific conditions in each field. The use of technologies such as GPS and sensors makes it possible to create yield and soil maps, which helps to determine where certain actions need. The choice of test plots in Podillia was maddened for several reasons. First, the region has all the natural prerequisites for growing crops. Secondly, understanding the application of precision agriculture can contribute to the introduction of the latest technologies in agriculture. The article analyses crop plots within the territory of Ukraine, which unite a set of fields of a particular agricultural enterprise, and on the basis of this analysis, outlines the possibilities of introducing remote sensing systems into agriculture, which is an important step towards creating smart agriculture and ensuring food security. The article highlights important scientific and practical issues that are bringing studied by both economic geographers, economists, agricultural scientists and geoinformatics. One of the most important tasks is to analyses remote sensing data, which is the basis for accurate monitoring of crops. The use of vegetation indices such as NDVI makes it possible to estimate plant biomass, identify stress conditions and take timely measures to eliminate them. In turn, an understanding of climate risks can be use ding to map soil types, identify drought and pest risk zones, and optimize the use of fertilizers and pesticides. The use of remote sensing methods is the basis for developing an effective adaptation strategy for agricultural production in the Podillia region. The introduction of remote sensing systems in agriculture is an important step towards creating smart agriculture and ensuring food security. Precision agriculture uses a number of different methods, the combination of which allows to fully utilizing its advantages to optimize crop production processes. Among the methods of precision agriculture are geographic information systems and satellite monitoring and unmanned aerial vehicles (drones). In the context of this article, two methods of precision agriculture are consider ding the use of geographic information systems and satellite monitoring. Using the example of a plot of land in Ukraine near Husiatyn, Ternopil Oblast, which unites a number of fields, the article analyses the state of crops. The article demonstrates the informational value of decoding maps of the object of crop plots within the territory of Ukraine, which unite a set of fields of a particular agricultural enterprise. The analysis of remote sensing data demonstrates a significant potential for accurate monitoring of crops. The use of vegetation indices, such as NDVI, allows us to estimate plant biomass, identify stress conditions and take timely measures to eliminate them. In addition, this technology can be use ding to map soil types, identify drought and pest risk zones, and optimize the use of fertilizers and pesticides. The introduction of remote sensing systems in agriculture is an important step towards creating smart agriculture and ensuring food security. Thus, the analysis of remote sensing data demonstrates significant potential for accurate monitoring of crops. The use of vegetation indices, such as NDVI, allows us to estimate plant biomass, identify stress conditions and take timely measures to eliminate them. In addition, this technology can be use ding to map soil types, identify drought and pest risk zones, and optimise the use of fertilizers and pesticides. The introduction of remote sensing systems in agriculture is an important step towards creating smart agriculture and ensuring food security. Among the main limitations and challenges that could be identifying in this area are the high cost of equipment (in the case of unmanned aerial vehicles), the need for qualified specialists and the impact of weather conditions. In the other hand, an affordable technology can be use ding by both small farmers and large agricultural holdings. Theoretical knowledge and practical experience has already been accumulate ding over the decades of this technology's existence and continues to be implement ding in various fields of science and industry. Precision agriculture proves the benefits of using geographic information systems that have already proven themselves in other industries to optimise production process sing, reduce climate impact and cut production costs.