Діяльність архієрейського хору Почаївської лаври у 1830-х - 1860-х рр. (за матеріалами державного архіву Тернопільської області)

Abstract

Установлено виняткову історичну місію архієрейського хору Почаївської лаври. Відзначено його помітний вплив на розвиток української духовної музики ХІХ ст. Розкрито імена видатних регентів і талановитих співаків хору 1830–1860-х рр. З’ясовано проблеми освітнього рівня та матеріального забезпечення представників цього колективу. Окреслено особливості репертуарної політики та жанрово-стильової палітри виконуваних піснеспівів. Зауважено кооперацію з Варшавським та Житомирським кафедральними хорами.

The relevance of the topic is due to the lack of professional music-historical works dedicated to the activities of the bishop’s choir of the Pochaiv Lavra — one of the best Ukrainian artistic groups of the mid-19th century The Pochaiv Monastery is a special phenomenon (locus) of culture, which was influenced by various historical, confessional, national and artistic factors. The musical life of this centre was also diverse. It is currently being studied on the material of Basi-lian old prints of the mid-18th — first third of the 19th century — liturgical books, staff-notation Heirmologia and Bohohlasnyky. The source base of our article is more than a hundred cases from the fund 258 «Spiritual Council of the Pochaiv Lavra» of the State Archive of the Ternopil Region. They contain decrees of the Russian emperors and the Holy Synod, orders of the Volyn and Warsaw spiritual consistories, minutes of meetings of the Spiritual Council, and other documents (inventories, information, reports, correspondence, letters). The 1830–1860’s are undoubtedly one of the brightest periods in the glorious history of the bishop’s choir of the Pochaiv Lavra. Since then, many names of famous conductors have survived, namely: Vasyl Ochkovskyi, Deacon Luka Pavlovskyi, Viktor Terletskyi, Fedir Chervinskyi, Stefan Vladymyrskyi, Hryhoriy Hlovatskyi, Vasyl Kolyadyn-skyi and Mykhailo Pashuta. Many clergymen of the choir received their edu-cation at the Volyn Theological Seminary and the Pochaiv Theological School. They lived and ate free of charge in the Lavra, were provided with clothes, shoes and other things necessary for existence. The basis of the choir’s repertoire was the usual St. Petersburg court chant, to which were added the invariable chants of the All-Night Vigil and the Liturgy of John Chrysostom, as well as paralitur-gical genres. Liturgical works and concerts by prominent Ukrainian composers Dmytro Bortnyanskyi and Archpriest Petro Turchaninov were often performed. The bishop’s singers of the Pochaiv Lavra were often involved in the choirs of the Warsaw and Volyn dioceses.