Духовна тематика в концертах Галицького Музичного Товариства у Львові в 1838–1914 роках

Abstract

У статті досліджено діяльність Галицького Музичного Товариства у Львові впродовж 1838–1914 років щодо виконання духовної музики. Розглянуто місце та значення музики духовної тематики в мистецькій діяльності Товариства, охарактеризовано особливості репертуару концертів на різних етапах розвитку. Зроблено висновок, що завдяки виконанню у концертних програмах творів духовної, релігійної тематики, у яких заторкувались трансцендентні питання буття, утверджувались традиційні духовні ідеали, етичне начало природно сполучалось з естетичним.

В статье исследована деятельность Галицкого Музыкального Общества во Львове периода 1838–1914 годов относительно исполнения духовной музыки. Рассматривается место и значение сочинений духовной тематики в творческой деятельности общества, характеризируются особенности концертного репертуара в разные периоды. Сделан вывод, что благодаря исполнению в концертных программах произведений духовной, религиозной тематики, в которых затрагиваются трансцендентные вопросы бытия, утверждаются традиционные духовные идеалы, этическое начало естественно соединялось с эстетическим.

The article deals with the activity of the Galician Music Society (GMS) in L’viv during 1838–1914 years in the field of performing spiritual music, it determines the place and significance of the works of spiritual themes in works of the Society, it shows the special features of the spiritual repertoire of concerts at various stages of the Society’s formation. One of the most important tasks of GMS during its long years of activity (1838–1939), besides its educational, aesthetic, entertaining etc. tasks, was the cultivation of the corresponding spiritual qualities, high moral ideals in society through the promotion of works of spiritual and religious subjects in concert programs. Since the beginning of its activity, the GMS was focused on promoting spiritual music through concert activity, which was reflected in the Statute of the GMS, which stated that the special task of the Society was to support music of a religious, spiritual nature. According to the Statute religious and secular works of spiritual subjects were performed more and more frequently in the concert repertoire. Mostly the works of the spiritual nature were performed in the so-called “spiritual concerts” of the GMS, on religious holidays, which emphasized the mystery of the event. Not only secular leaders of the GMS took care of the popularization of spiritual music among L’viv music lovers, the priests also willingly joined their concert events. The concerts, organized on the initiative of the Society and well-known clerics on various occasions in 1902 were clear evidence of this. Lviv performances of spiritual music were gaining ever greater popularity outside the city and the region. Music lovers from other cities went to the concerts where the outstanding works of spiritual content were performed. The Warsaw press also wrote about them. A testimony to the fact that large-scale choral outs of the spiritual themes attracted the Lviv public is a gradual increase of number of the choirs of the GMS and their concerts. This was a sign of the growing authority of the GMS, that was highly valued and revered in the city, since the GMS was not limited by its Statute. In concert programs there is a steady presence of monumental oratorio-cantata works of spiritual themes. During the period 1858–1914, people in Lviv were able to hear the whole European compendium of monumental spiritual opuses from the Baroque to the present. Worship of spiritual music was a natural necessity and a good tradition of the GMS participants. In addition to concert performances, the GMS performed church music and, at the same time, at the masses for the dead members of the GMS, the High Masses, wedding masses, honoring the memory of prominent religious figures, commemorating the special dates for the Polish people (for example, the January and November uprisings, the rebellion of T. Kosciuszko, the Battle of Grunwald and the Battle of Vienna), the birth and death of prominent Polish figures – musicians, poets, writers, priests, and even in such secular centers as the Literary-Artistic Circle, City Theater, City Casino, etc. Due to the huge number of spiritual works of various genres, as well as secular, in which the transcendental questions of being were touched upon, the traditional spiritual ideals were established, the ethical beginning naturally intermingled with the aesthetic one. The musical center of the GMS replaced institutionalized religiosity, and aesthetic forms of expression of spirituality became competitive in a society that was increasingly secularized.