Cyber- та Hyper- у лексицi сучасного франкомовного Iнтернету

Abstract

У статтi описано продуктивнiсть cyber- та hyper- у лексиці сучасного франкомовного Iнтернету, подано корпус неолексем з цими елементами, проведена оцiнка важливостi механiзму неологiзацiї з допомогою cyber- i hyper, який дiє на всiх рiвнях мови. У дослiдженнi закладена концепцiя французького лiнгвiста А. Мартiне щодо поняття синтеми, монеми. Показано, що активнiсть cyber- та hyper- особливо активно спостерiгається у галузi iнформатики, особливо на iнформацiйних порталах Iнтернет-ресурсiв.

The article deals with the describing the productivity that cyber and hyper have recently achieved in the modern French Internet language, the author presents the list of neolexems that have these elements, the evaluation of neologization processes mechanism that use cyber- and hyper- acting on all language levels is done. Martinet’s approach to the mechanisms of neology furnishes us with a useful research tool. Our corpus is formed by the online French dictionaries of computer science and by the lists of neologisms from the French review La Banque des mots. Regarding new possible meanings of cyber- in online resources we found the following interpretations that were closely related to: 1) virtual reality; 2) Internet-context or multimedia; 3) cybernetics or technics that concern robots. In terms of morphology and semantics French neologisms with cyber- are similar to the analogical ones of English language. The success of English lexeme cyberespace caused the appearance of model cyber- + noun. This syntaxical model 1) is identical to the classical one and it is using for new words formation as e.g. cybernétique; 2) reproduces the reality of notion in virtual area. Neologisms mean the real world activity that is reproduced in Internet; 3) indicates place, thing, person that exist in cyberspace, in Internet or concern them. It is stated that neologisms with cyber- are spreading in three main semantic fields: commercial activity, security and society. Concerning hyper- there is any mention about its new usage in French lexicographical works. But this prefix possesses a new meaning owing to the fact of formation of lexeme hypertext in English language. Hyper- has the meaning of exaggeration, excessiveness (PR-2000), superlative degree in compound words of French language, and is used for nouns and adjectives formation and widely used words creation: c’est hyper-sympa, hyper-chouette. It is stated that there are two statuses of new meaning of hyper, namely: 1) it can’t be considered more in opposition to hyp(o); 2) hyper assumes more connotations especially it is used in informatics sphere and favours the receiving of new meanings by lexemes related to cyberspace and virtual reality. First of all French review“La Banque des mots” (Bank of Words) registers only four cases of neolexemes related to the intensity’s meaning.