Фізіолого-біохімічні показники проростків пшениці м’якої (Triticum aestivum L.) при моделюванні водного дефіциту за дії метаболічно активних сполук

Abstract

У статті наведено порівняльну характеристику впливу метаболічно активних речовин та їх комбінацій на окремі фізіологічні та біохімічні показники пшениці м’якої в умовах водного дефіциту. Встановлено, що використання метаболічно активних речовин в умовах водного дефіциту стимулювало процеси проростання, ризогенезу, лінійного росту надземної частини рослин та приросту сирої маси надземних і підземних органів пшениці м’якої сорту Провінціалка. Високий вміст проліну у проростках пшениці м’якої за дії метаболічно активних сполук є показником стимулювання адаптації рослин в умовах уповільненого надходження води.

The article presents a comparative description of the effect of metabolically active substances and their compositions on individual physiological and biochemical parameters of soft wheat in drought conditions. The study involved the use of 7 options for seed treatment: control (untreated seeds + distilled water); vitamin E solution (10-8M) - E; ubiquinone-10 solution (10-8M) - Q; methionine solution (0.001%) - M; paraoxybenzoic acid solution (PОBA) (0.001%) - P; MgSO4 solution (0.001%) - Mg; compositions of substances: vitamin E (10-8M) + ubiquinone-10 (10-8M) - EQ; vitamin E (10-8M) + methionine (0.001%) + POBA (0.001%) - EMР; vitamin E (10-8M) + methionine (0.001%) + POBA (0.001%) + MgSO4 (0.001%) - EMРMg. The experimental water deficiency was simulated by a 12% solution of PEG 6000. It was found that the germination of soft wheat seeds under the action of metabolically active substances in a solution of osmotically active substance PEG 6000 did not lead to a decrease in the germination energy of the experimental seeds compared to the control. Determination of germination of soft wheat seeds showed that treatment with Mg solution and compositions of EQ, EMР, EMРMg reduced the inhibitory effect of PEG 6000, showed a stimulating effect and increased seed germination. The highest seed germination in water-deficient conditions was found by treatment with EMРMg composition. Studies of the effect of metabolically active substances on the processes of rhizogenesis of soft wheat seedlings have shown that seeds’ treatment with the solution of methionine most effectively stimulated the formation of roots on wheat seedlings in conditions of water deficiency. Ubiquinone-10 solution stimulated linear root growth in conditions of water deficiency most effectively, exceeding the control by 16,9%, neutralizing the inhibitory effect of PEG 6000. High efficiency in stimulating linear root growth of wheat seedlings in drought conditions was observed after using the compositions EMР and EMPMg, and solutions of ubiquinone-10 and MgSO4. Ubiquinone-10 solution and composition EQ showed the best stimulating effect on the development of a shoot of soft wheat under water deficiency. Seeds treated with solutions of ubiquinone-10, MgSO4 and EQ had the highest rates of weight gain of roots. The seeds treated with ubiquinone-10 solution stimulated weight gain of the shoot more effectively under water deficiency (exceeded the control by 41.8%). Treatment of soft wheat seeds with compositions EQ and EMPMg stimulated the accumulation of free proline in wheat seedlings most effectively under water deficiency. Proline is an indicator of plant adaptation in conditions of slow water supply and increased drought resistance of soft wheat. Thus, seeds pre-sowing treatment with the studied metabolically active compounds and their compositions could be used as elements of technology in the cereals cultivation under water deficiency.