Інституалізація УПЦ КП в Україні (1990-ті – 2018 рр.)

Abstract

У дослідженні визначено концептуальні засади розвитку інституалізаційних процесів УПЦ КП у контексті утвердження україноцентричності та перспектив набуття автокефального статусу у Вселенському православ’ї. Виокремлено проблему юрисдикційного домінування Московського патріархату в Україні, який не зміг адаптуватися до нових викликів, породжених деструкцією СРСР, пропонуючи ілюзію автокефалії у вигляді широкої автономії УПЦ у структурі Московського патріархату. Встановлено причинно-наслідковий зв’язок об’єднання частини УПЦ (МП) з УАПЦ й заснування УПЦ КП у 1992 р. Інституалізація УПЦ КП як процес переходу від самоврядних автокефальних парафій до створення організованих структур з чіткою ієрархією влади, регламентацією діяльності у правовому полі держави відбувалася в кілька етапів. Запропоновано авторську періодизацію інституалізації УПЦ КП, що включає формування парафіяльної мережі, діяльність монастирів і чернецтва, становлення системи духовної освіти та канонічно-юрисдикційну незалежність Української Православної Церкви.

The study identifies conceptual foundations of institutionalization of the UOC-KP in the context of establishment of Ukrainian-centricity and prospects for obtaining autocephalous status in the Ecumenical Orthodoxy. The problem of jurisdictional domination of the Moscow Patriarchate in Ukraine has been allocated. It was unable to adapt to the new challenges generated by the destruction of the USSR, offering the illusion of autocephaly in the form of a broad autonomy of the UOC as part of the structure of the Moscow Patriarchate. The dissertation establishes the causal link between the unification of part of the UOC (MP) with the UAOC and the establishment of the UOC-KP in 1992. The institutionalization of the UOC-KP occurred in several stages as a process of transition from self-governing autocephalous parishes to the creation of organized structures with a clear hierarchy of power and regulation of activities in the legal field of the state. The author proposes a periodization of the institutional development of the UOC-KP, which includes the formation of a parochial network, the activities of monasteries and monasticism, the formation of a system of theological education and the canonical and jurisdictional independence of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church. The study analyzes the dynamics of the formation of the denominational network, the establishment and structuring of eparchies within the administrative boundaries of the regions, the formation of diocesan administrative bodies, deaneries, and the rotation of personnel. The overwhelming number of parishes were concentrated in the western regions of Ukraine (Lviv, Ternopil, Ivano-Frankivsk, Chernivtsi, Volyn, Rivne) and this pattern remained until the end of 2018. The revival of monastic life, with its traditionally powerful spiritual potential, aimed at creating modern pilgrimage centers with their inherent economic, cultural and educational functions. The disproportion between the number of monasteries and the monks residing in them was established. The interdenominational analysis of monasticism indicates a general tendency of inapplicability of the monastic vocation and gives grounds to assert that the monastic life of the UOC-KP during the study period was at the stage of establishment. The study analyses the process of formation and reform of the theological education system. In the early 2000s, in the context of the integration of state education into the European educational and scientific space, the system of theological education required reform. Thus, the process of inclusion of institutions of theological education of the UOC-KP in the system of the state educational space began, which provided for their activities in the legal field of the state, cooperation with state educational institutions and the transition to a two-level (Bachelor’s degree, Master’s degree) model of personnel training. The study proves that the issue of the canonical status of the UOC-KP has become one of the main issues in the process of institutionalization. The establishment of dialogue with the Patriarchate of Constantinople prompted religious leaders to search for a canonical justification for the procedure for granting the Tomos and led to the formation of an acceptable model for its subjects.