Виклики у реалізації державного суверенітету на островах світу

Abstract

The sovereignty of islands remains a critical issue in political geography and international law, particularly for Ukraine, which faces territorial disputes and ecological challenges in the Black Sea and Antarctica. Islands serve as strategic control points, economic resource hubs, and geopolitical symbols, influencing global power dynamics, as seen in U.S. interests in Greenland and China's expansion in the South China Sea. India and Gulf states actively pursue maritime strategies in the Indian Ocean, leveraging military presence, island diplomacy, and territorial agreements to secure influence over key trade routes. The sovereignty of microstates is often conditional due to economic dependencies affecting their diplomatic decisions, while others, such as Malta and Cyprus, wield disproportionate influence through EU membership.