Результати застосування інсектицидних препаратів девімектин оральний, неостомозан та ектосан у боротьбі з іксодовими кліщами

Abstract

Наведено результати застосування синтетичних препаратів девімектин оральний, неостомозан, ектосан для боротьби з ектопаразитами тварин та їх можливе застосування для обмеження чисельності іксодових кліщів безпосередньо у середовищі. Встановлено, що найбільш ефективними в цьому відношенні є ектосан і неостомозан у концентраціях 3–5 %, при цьому 100 % летальний ефект досягається вже протягом 5–10 хв після потрапляння цих препаратів та тіло кліщів. Досліджені препарати можна застосовувати для боротьби з іксодовими кліщами на невеликих природних або урбанізованих територіях у концентраціях від 1 до 5 % шляхом їх розпилювання при безпосередній присутності кліщів.

The methodology employed for the testing of the drugs is almost identical. For the purposes of this study, groups of 5–8 ticks were selected for the experimental and control groups. The number of experimental groups was determined by the number of samples with drug concentrations. In this instance, the number of samples was four, with concentrations ranging from 0.5м0.07 %, 1.0 %, 1.5 %, 3.0 % and 5.0 % of the drug. The experiments were conducted within the confines of the laboratory. The ticks were positioned centrally on a horizontal tray, which was then covered with either a white cloth or a paper napkin. The drugs were administered at a selected concentration, which was then dispersed in the form of a spray, and subsequently applied to the ticks. Throughout the experiment, the behaviour of the ticks was meticulously monitored, with the time of any slowing down or cessation of activity being recorded. Following the cessation of tick activity, physical irritation was employed to elicit a response, and in the absence of a response, conclusions were drawn about the tick’s demise. The administration of oral devimectin was found to demonstrate the lowest level of efficacy. It has been established that the drug, when ingested, experiences difficulty in penetrating the tick's membranes. Consequently, the onset of its lethal effect at low concentrations commences a minimum of 60–70 minutes after exposure. The drug neostromozan has been observed to demonstrate effective penetration through tick membranes at low concentrations (approximately 1 %), while its permeability decreases with increasing concentrations. Concurrently, the lethal effect of the drug increases to 26–28 %. Consequently, in the context of tick control, it is recommended to employ neostomozan at a concentration that does not exceed 1.0 %. It has been observed that this concentration results in a 100 % lethal effect within an exposure time of 18–19 minutes. The mechanism of action of ectosan is antithetical to that of neostomozan. It is evident that an increase in the concentration of the drug results in a reduction of the time required for the drug to exert its full lethal effect. At a concentration of approximately 1.0 %, the time required for the drug to exert its full lethal effect is approximately 38–39 minutes. However, at a concentration of 5.0 %, the time required for the drug to exert its full lethal effect is reduced to 5-6 minutes. It has been established that ectosan and neostomozan are the most effective in this regard at concentrations of 3–5 %, with a 100 % lethal effect achieved within 5–10 minutes after these drugs enter the body of ticks. The investigation established that the drugs could be used to control Ixodes ticks in small natural or urbanised areas in concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 % by spraying them directly onto ticks.