Інтегральна геоінформаційна оцінка території Дніпропетровської області для визначення потенціалу розміщення об’єктів сонячної енергетики

Abstract

У статті представлено результати інтегральної геоінформаційної оцінки території Дніпропетровської області з метою визначення просторово оптимальних зон для розміщення об’єктів сонячної енергетики різного рівня. Як ключові критерії було використано показники інсоляції, морфометричні характеристики рельєфу (крутість схилів), доступність інженерної та транспортної інфраструктури, а також просторове поширення територій з обмеженим режимом землекористування. Отримані результати можуть бути використані як інформаційно-аналітична основа для просторового планування розвитку сонячної енергетики, підготовки інвестиційних проєктів і підтримки прийняття управлінських рішень у сфері відновлюваної енергетики регіону.

The article presents the results of an integrated geoinformation assessment of the territory of the Dnipropetrovsk region in order to determine spatially optimal zones for the placement of solar energy facilities of various levels. The research methodology is based on the use of GIS tools and multi-criteria analysis, which combines natural, infrastructure and limiting factors. The key criteria used were insolation indicators, morphometric characteristics of the terrain (steepness of slopes), accessibility of engineering and transport infrastructure, as well as the spatial distribution of territories with limited land use regime. The Dnipropetrovsk region has a complex of natural and climatic conditions (favorable insolation, flat terrain), a developed infrastructure network (roads and power lines), which makes it promising for the placement of both large centralized photovoltaic projects and small and medium-power sites for the needs of local communities. However, there are practically no studies assessing the potential for the placement of solar energy facilities in the region. In addition, in the context of post-war reconstruction of Ukraine and the imperatives of energy independence, the issue of optimizing spatial planning for renewable energy is becoming particularly relevant. The use of scientifically based spatial models to determine the suitability of territories allows minimizing land use conflicts, increasing the economic efficiency of investments in photovoltaic generation, and contributing to the achievement of the country's strategic energy goals. Based on the results of the calculations, an integrated potential map was formed, on the basis of which territories with high, medium, and low levels of suitability for the location of solar power plants were identified. Areas with high potential tend mainly to the central and southern regions of the region, where favorable solar radiation indicators, relatively flat terrain, and better accessibility to power grids are combined. Territories with low potential are confined mainly to the northern regions and areas with difficult natural conditions or a significant concentration of limiting factors. The results obtained can be used as an information and analytical basis for spatial planning of solar energy development, preparation of investment projects and support for making management decisions in the field of renewable energy in the region. Prospects for further research are related to the detailing of the spatial model through the use of higher spatial resolution data, the involvement of socio-economic and land cadastral indicators, as well as taking into account auxiliary technical and economic parameters (proximity to substations, network capacity, connection cost). A separate direction is the adaptation of the developed methodology for the local level (communities, territorial clusters) and the creation of interactive GIS services to support decision-making in the field of renewable energy development.