Просторова диференціація послуг соціальної інфраструктури Львівської області

Abstract

У статті наголошено на важливості дослідження просторової диференціації послуг соціальної інфраструктури для забезпечення рівного доступу населення до якісних соціальних гарантій у сфері освіти, медицини, культури. Виділено п’ять статистичних кластерів послуг соціальної інфраструктури у розрізі територіальних громад Львівської області. Виявлені територіальні розриви в наданні послуг соціальної інфраструктури необхідно враховувати у розробленні стратегій реґіонального розвитку.

The article highlights the importance of studying spatial differentiation in the provision of social infrastructure services to ensure equal access for the population to high-quality social services in the fields of education, healthcare and culture. Based on cluster analysis, five statistical clusters of social infrastructure service development in the Lviv Oblast have been identified and analysed. It has been established that the first statistical cluster, formed within the territory of the former Busk, Horodok, Kamianka-Buzka and Peremyshliany rayons, is characterised by indicators of development in education, healthcare and culture that are below the oblast average. It has been demonstrated that the spatial organisation of the cluster’s social infrastructure services lacks territorial integrity due to the influence of local socio-economic and settlement factors. It has been found that the second statistical cluster comprises individual lowland, mountainous, foothill and hilly (ridge) territorial hromadas. The indicators of educational and cultural development in this cluster are lower than the oblast average. The characteristics of the spatial organisation of social infrastructure services provision within the cluster have been identified, which are determined by its peripheral location with limited transport accessibility and the specific natural and geographical conditions. It has been established that the third statistical cluster is geographically contiguous, the smallest in terms of area and the largest in terms of population, as it is situated within the boundaries of the Lviv territorial hromada. The spatial characteristics of the development of social infrastructure services in this cluster are determined by the functioning of a powerful urban core, which concentrates the main functions of providing services in the humanitarian sphere and acts as a centre of gravity for the surrounding areas. A fourth statistical cluster has been identified to the south and east of the city of Lviv within the former Pustomyty rayon, with indicators of educational and cultural development higher than the regional average, and a shortage of beds in healthcare facilities. The “pull” effect of medical functions by the agglomeration’s core and the dependence of suburban areas on Lviv in the healthcare sector have been identified. A description is provided of the fifth statistical cluster, covering territories within the sphere of influence of the industrial cities of the Carpathian Foothills, the Holohory Range and Roztochya. The inertia in the formation and preservation of the influence of industrial specialisation in these territories has been confirmed. Two spatial zones of social infrastructure development have been identified in the Lviv region. The well developed north-south zone is determined by the location of former towns of regional significance (Sheptytskyi, Mykolaiv, Zhydachiv, Stryi, Drohobych, Sambir). The underdeveloped east-west zone is situated within the Holohory Range, Voronyaky and Roztochia. Its underdevelopment is explained by the long-term adverse impact of its proximity to the state border. Within this zone, the Busk-Peremyshliany and Yavoriv-Mostyska peripheries are distinguished. The scale effect of the regional centre has been identified, which determines the development of inter-settlement links in the provision of social and cultural services. A spatial gradient in the development of social infrastructure services in Lviv Oblast has been identified using the “centre–periphery” model, which shows the highest concentration of services in the Lviv territorial hromada and a decline in peripheral and mountainous areas. Agglomeration and peripheral spatial models of social infrastructure service development have been developed, and directions for their further development have been identified. The limitations of a quantitative approach to identifying spatial disparities in the provision of social services have been recognised, as has the need to take qualitative indicators into account (staffing levels, service quality, transport accessibility).