Інтеграція фольклору та джазу як одна з характерних особливостей сучасної української джазової музики

Abstract

У статті досліджено актуальну проблему національної джазології – інтеграційні процеси автентичного музичного фольклору і вітчизняного джазу. Розглянуто функціональні особливості даних напрямків української музичної культури. Охарактеризовано ознаки інтеграційних процесів та впливу народної музики на сучасне українське джазове музичне мистецтво.

В статье исследовано актуальную проблему национальной джазологии – интеграционные процессы автентического музыкального фольклора и отечественного джаза. Рассмотрено функциональные особенности данных направлений украинской музыкальной культуры. Охарактеризовано признаки интеграционных процессов и влияния народной музыки на современное украинское джазовое музыкальное искусство.

Given paper is dedicated to the problem of national jazzology – the research of features of the international processes of the authentic musical folklore and national jazz, which was accomplished on the basis of defining the functional features of the given directions of Ukrainian musical culture. The way of jazz to the professional art, which in the process of its development changed its functional nature, was very complex, which undoubtedly affected its historical fate. In the beginning of “scientific mastery” of jazz, it drew the attention of the folklore scientists, who considered it as a part of traditional music, the main characteristic of which was applied function. Later, in the time of the development of urban culture, jazz besides the applied function starts to perform a new function – entertaining, which lasted to mid-1940’s, the time, when jazz entered a new phase of development and gained the status of “professional type of music”. It is connected with the transition of jazz from entertaining and amateurism to concert performance and professionalism. In spite of the change of its functional nature, jazz didn’t lose its influence and intimate connections with folklore, which has become the basis of its further development. Jazz is connected with folklore by live musicianship, oral form of existence, applying the methods of passing down the knowledge from the teacher to the student, the presence of improvisational element etc. That is to say, in its own nature of the art of improvisation, jazz is close to folklore. On the current stage of development of jazz art we can observe the integration of folklore and jazz music, which is observed: in direct quotation of authentic folk patterns in jazz interpretation (jazz adaptation of traditional themes); in turning to separate element of one or many folk layers of different ethnic origin; in recreation of the manner of traditional performance (singing with open “white” sound, throat singing); in using the authentic traditional instruments; in the art of using intonation not only between the partners on stage, but also the audience, who immediately perceive and react to the musical information. In its richness of common traditional sources, jazz is close, but not identical to folklore, and they have a number of differences. In particular, in the polyethnicity of jazz music, which includes not one national tradition as folklore, but is a intercultural mixture – “fusion”, which connects the traditions of musical cultures of the vast ethnic areas – African, American, European and Asian. In contrast to jazz, which has the accent on musicianship, which is based on the principles of compositional thinking, folklore is reserved and self-isolated, since it is supposed to preserve the national tradition. Different dominant signs play a determinant role in their functioning.