Метал-депонувальна функція металотіонеїнів беззубки Anodonta anatina (Linnaeus, 1758) за впливу на організм іонізуючої радіації

Abstract

Проведено дослідження розподілу металів (Zn, Cu, Cd) у тканинах травної залози та зябер молюсків беззубки Anodonta anatinа за участі металотіонеїнів (МТ) за впливу малої дози (2 мГр) іонізуючої радіації на організм. Встановлено, що у тканині травної залози опромінених молюсків істотно зростає вміст Zn та зменшується вміст Cu та Cd, а Zn-депонувальна здатність МТ зменшується. Профіль елюції МТ зазнає змін у обох досліджених тканинах.

Проведено исследование распределения металлов (Zn, Cu, Cd) в тканях пищеварительной железы и жабр моллюсков беззубки Anodonta anatinа с участием металотионеинив (МТ) при воздействии малой дозы (2мГр) ионизирующей радиации на организм. Установлено, что в ткани пищеварительной железы облученных моллюсков существенно увеличивается содержание Cu и Cd, а Zn-депонирующая функция способность МТ уменьшается. Профиль элюции МТ претерпевает изменения в обеих исследованных тканях.

Freshwater organisms are exposed to multiple anthropogenic stressors including chemical pollution and warming that can affect health of the resident organisms and their responses to novel challenges. Among the many problems of radioactive contamination that arose after the Chernobyl accident, prolonged effect of small doses of radiation on biological systems is one of modt unexplored, especially in invertebrates. We investigated the effect of in situ exposure history on molecular responses to ionizing radiation, in unionid mollusks Anodonta anatina. Bivalve mollusks are characterized by highly expressed properties to accumulate excess of metals. In the cells the excess of metals (Zn, Cu, Cd) is accumulating in the metal-buffering and stress-induced proteins metallothioneins. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the adaptive capacity of these proteins in the freshwater bivalve mollusk under the exposure to low dose of radiation. Bivalve mollusk from relatively pristine area were exposed to 2 mGy X-ray radiation followed by 14 days of recovery (R-group) or to control conditions (C-groups). The pristine (reference) site was located in a forestry area in the upstream portion of Seret River near the village Ivachiv away from the sources of industrial contamination. An ionizing radiation could be considered as a novel stressor for the mollusks from this area. Effects of ionizing radiation did not cause bivalve mollusk mortality compare with controls. Results confirm information about the resistance of bivalve mollusk Anodonta anatina to low doses of radiation. The distribution of metals (Zn, Cu, Cd) in the digestive gland and gills tissues of the mussel Anodonta anatinа with the participation of metallothionein (MT) under the effect of low dose of ionizing radiation (2mG) on the organism was evaluated. It was established significant increase in the level of Zn and decrease of Cu and Cd levels and Zn-binding ability of MT in the digestive gland of the irradiated mussels. The elution profile of MT is changed in both tissues. Analysis of spectral characteristics thermostable proteins indicates the presence of typical signs of MT-containing fractions in the digestive gland and the gills in the control and experimental groups. To summarize, this study showed that metallothioneins characteristics in the bivalve mollusk can be used as a nonspecific biomarker for assessing the effects of ionizing radiation in the environment. Further studies will be devoted to the responses of specimens from the areas subjected to the suspected effect of radiation.