Теоретичні основи еколого-економічної оцінки водокористування

Abstract

Розглянуто теоретичні основи сучасного водокористування, водно-ресурсного потенціалу, раціонального використання, охорони та відтворення водних ресурсів регіону. Проаналізовано зміни еколого- економічної системи водокористування Волинської області в ринкових умовах. Водогосподарський комплекс і, особливо, його розвиток повинен задовольняти соціально-економічні та екологічні вимоги як суспільства, так і довкілля. Сьогодні все більшого значення набуває необхідність розвитку активного використання еколого- економічних інструментів для покращення процесу водокористування. Представлено ряд пропозицій із вирішення ефективної еколого-економічної системи водокористування

Theoretical bases of modern water use, water resource potential, rational use, protection and reproduction of water resources of the region are considered. Changes in the ecological and economic system of water use in the Volyn region in market conditions are analyzed. Anthropogenically altered natural areas, progressive pollution of human habitat, caused a deterioration in quality of life, negatively affected the demographic characteristics of the inhabitants of the planet. Water, as an important natural resource, is used in all aspects of human life and in the spheres of the national economy, has become an important factor determining the development of society as a whole. The water management complex and especially its development must meet the socio-economic and environmental requirements of both society and the environment. The socio-economic aspect of these requirements is aimed at implementing measures and improving the territorial and sectoral structure and technologies of water use. Providing quality water to maintain the health of the population is the main goal of water use. International cooperation in the field of use and protection of water resources; taking into account environmental constraints and requirements in social and economic decisions should contribute to the stable development of regions. The Chernobyl catastrophe contaminated a large part of the territory of Volyn Polissya with radionuclides, which reduced the possibility of agricultural use of lands in the northern and north-western regions. Today it is becoming more and more important. acquires the need to develop the active use of environmental and economic tools to improve the process of water use. A number of proposals for solving an effective ecological and economic system of water use are presented A distinction is made between losses caused to fixed assets that lead to deterioration or reduction in the amount of resources such as soil, water, fish, wildlife, buildings and structures, and losses resulting from reduced output or profits from reduced productivity of these resources. The first type of loss is simultaneous, the second - current (deduction from production). To determine the value of the simultaneous damage to natural resources, it is necessary to use their economic evaluation: land and water, forests, mineral deposits. Current losses (reduction of output, reduction of its quality or reduction of profits) can be determined by direct calculation. Of particular importance are environmental losses of a social nature, which can only be partially measured by economic indicators: the cost of treatment, payment for sick leaves, loss of products due to illness and reduced productivity. Deterioration of health and reduced life expectancy are, of course, unacceptable and cannot be offset by any economic indicators. Damage to landscapes that worsen recreation conditions cannot be measured economically either. Economical rational use of natural resources largely depends on the comprehensive restructuring of the entire system of production and consumption. Organize control over the level of environmental pollution; correct determination of the costs necessary to overcome the harmful effects of irrational water use. In order to reduce the negative effects of radioactive contamination, to implement a set of organizational agrochemical, agrotechnical and technological measures. Given the great importance of water resources in the development of the national economy, not only Volyn region, but the state as a whole, the problem of balanced, scientifically sound, environmentally safe water use and dynamic development of the water complex of Ukraine is extremely important.