Функціональні особливості і типологія приміських територіальних громад Тернополя

Abstract

Розглянуто особливості приуроченості приміських (по відношенню до м. Тернополя) територіальних громад. Проаналізовано такі параметри як площі приміських територіальних громад; особливості кількості, щільності та розміщення населення громад; фінансовий стан та спроможність громад, відповідно їх доходів, витрат, трансфертів, розміщення промисловості, особливості транспортної інфраструктури. Звернуто увагу на основні екологічні проблеми приміських громад, обмотивовано можливі шляхи їх подолання, наявність таособливості використання рекреаційних ресурсів та поширення рекреаційної інфраструктури. Проаналізовано функціональну структуру та просторове розміщення територій природно-запопідного фонду.

Peculiarities of the timing of suburban (in relation to the city of Ternopil) territorial communities are considered. Such parameters as the area of suburban territorial communities were analyzed; peculiarities of the number, density and location of the population of communities; financial condition and capacity of communities, according to their incomes, expenses, transfers, location of industry, features of transport infrastructure. Attention is drawn to the main environmental problems of suburban communities, possible ways to overcome them, the availability and peculiarities of the use of recreational resources and the spread of recreational infrastructure are motivated. The functional structure and spatial arrangement of the territories of the nature reserve fund were analyzed. The problems of the development of territorial communities at the present stage are becoming particularly urgent. Important aspects of development are ensuring coherence of economic, social and environmental vectors, taking into account the potential of local resources, as well as additional favorable factors, such as investments, logistics and infrastructure. Within territorial communities, an inventory of the resource base is carried out, investment passports are created, development strategies are developed, existing problems are analyzed and ways to solve them are substantiated. Solving these complex tasks requires a high level of professional training of management personnel and effective monitoring of development processes. The authors have published a series of articles devoted to the analysis of the potential of natural resources, problems of environmental development management, unbalanced land use and other aspects. The choice of suburban territorial communities of the city of Ternopil is due to their belonging to the former Ternopil district (according to the old administrative and territorial system) and their location around the regional center. What determines the specificity of the structure of agriculture, the location of the population, industry, transport infrastructure, environmental conditions, etc. The adoption of the state regional development strategy for 2021-2027 is the main legal document aimed at strategic planning of effective development, including territorial communities. The main methodological approaches are the strategy of sustainable development, the concept of balanced ecological-social-economic development and the principles of the system approach. The suburban territorial communities of Ternopil include: Biletska, Baikovetska, Velikobirkivska, Velikogaivska, Velikoberezovytska and Pidhorodnyanska territorial communities. Recreational resources in the studied communities are represented mainly by forest areas and a pond network, which is often equipped with the necessary infrastructure. Historical and architectural resources are represented by a network of ancient churches, cultivated springs, etc. Separately, we can recall the arched railway bridge in the village. Butsniv at the end of the 19th century. A much better developed tourist infrastructure is represented by recreation centers, numerous hotels, and catering establishments. The general ecological state of the main components of the natural environment shows an increase in the degree of environmental pollution. Areas of excessive pollution are observed around industrial centers, large industrial facilities, landfills, radiation-contaminated territories, where various types of pollution are deposited and along hydraulic networks, highways and railways, which affects the natural living conditions of the population. The conducted research showed that suburban territorial communities have an unsatisfactory land use structure. The population of the communities is prone to pendulum migrations, due to better employment opportunities and a greater number of various services in the regional center. Within the studied communities, it is necessary to optimize the structure of land use, increase the area under natural lands, carry out measures to replant and afforest unproductive and eroded agricultural lands. Plant forests to create a full-fledged integrated green zone of the city of Ternopil, which will perform important recreational and ecological stabilization functions. The conducted analysis demonstrates a significant inhibition of the ecological vector of sustainable development. We see a perspective in the development of geoecological projects, environmental measures in schools, organizations and institutions, communities. It is necessary to create new and expand existing nature reserves. In general, optimization measures aimed at improving the ecological condition of the territory and the quality of life of the population should be carried out. The results of the study can be useful to the administrations of suburban territorial communities for the implementation of optimization measures of various levels and directions.