Територіальний розвиток Івано-Франківська та його передмість: від заснування міста і до сьогодення

Abstract

Статтю присвячено аналізу динаміки територіального розвитку Івано-Франківська від його заснування до сьогодення. Визначено основні етапи трансформації територіальної структури міста та фактори, що вплинули на формування її сучасного стану. Візуалізовано динаміку площі забудованих територій в межах приміської зони Івано-Франківська за період з 2004 до 2024 рр., визначено райони її найбільшого зростання.

The article analyzes the dynamics of Ivano-Frankivsk's territorial development from its foundation to the present. Territorial development of cities is an important component of urban studies. Given the constant growth of cities and changes in land use, there is a need for a comprehensive analysis of this issue. In this study, territorial development should be understood primarily as the expansion of the urban development area. Studying these processes allows us to predict future urban expansion trends and develop strategies for further community development. Currently, there are no studies of the dynamics of Ivano-Frankivsk's territorial development, namely the expansion of the urban development area from its foundation to the present day. Like many Ukrainian cities, Ivano-Frankivsk has come a long way: from a fortress city to a modern regional center. Its spatial structure was formed under the influence of various historical, political, and socio-economic factors. The study of the territorial development of Ivano-Frankivsk is relevant due to the need to understand modern urbanization processes and their impact on the urban environment. Using a comprehensive analysis of historical sources and statistical data, the main stages of transformation of the city's territorial structure are identified and the factors that influenced the formation of its current state are determined. At the beginning of its foundation, Ivano- Frankivsk looked like a fortress city with a typical planning structure. Trade had a significant impact on the city's development. During the Austrian period, the fortification role disappeared, and Stanislaviv as the center of the district developed with the construction of railroads, roads, and the emergence of postal services. After the First World War, the city grew due to the annexation of the surrounding villages, including Knyahynyn. In the Soviet era, the territorial development of Ivano-Frankivsk was significantly influenced by the development of industry and massive housing construction on the outskirts. The method of analyzing literary sources and the cartographic method was used to study the territorial development of the city over the past centuries. Based on a comprehensive analysis of historical sources, statistical data, and modern geographic information technologies, including remote sensing data, the dynamics of built-up areas in the suburban area is reflected and a detailed classification of land cover is created. In particular, Landsat 5, Landsat 8, and Sentinel-2 satellite images for three periods were used: 2004, 2014 and 2024. In order to identify different types of territory on the satellite images, the spatial analysis tool Maximum Likelihood Classification was used, followed by reclassification and vectorization of the data. The basis for this was the Global Land Use/Land Cover Map (LULC) obtained from ESA Sentinel-2 imagery with a resolution of 10 m. To visualize spatial changes in building development, overlay analysis tools were used, in particular the Symmetrical Difference operation. The areas with the most intensive building growth were identified: villages within a 5-km radius within the Ivano-Frankivsk city community. The approaches to processing remote sensing data, combined with spatial analysis in ArcGIS, utilized in this study enable a more comprehensive examination of the suburban region surrounding Ivano-Frankivsk. These methods make it possible to calculate the areas of buildings, agricultural land, forests, and other features across various subzones, as well as to forecast the implications of observed changes for the region's overall development. The areas identified as experiencing the most rapid development highlight the necessity of continued research into suburbanization processes and can serve as a basis for creating strategies to manage the spatial growth of the Ivano- Frankivsk community effectively. The results obtained can also be useful for comparative analysis with other cities of Ukraine, which will contribute to the generalization of experience and the implementation of effective territorial development practices at different levels.