Концепція цілісної освіти Едмунда Бояновського (1814–1871): реалізація ідей в українському дошкіллі та початкових школах

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано життєвий шлях та педагогічні погляди польського діяча, засновника охоронок, закладів дошкільної освіти, Едмунда Бояновського. Це всебічно розвинена людина, поет, перекладач, фольклорист, благодійник. Педагог, який випередив свій час. Схарактеризовано розроблену Е. Бояновським концепцію цілісної освіти, провідне місце в якій відводилося релігії, природі, історії. Виявлено перспективи реалізації позитивних ідей в українському дошкіллі та початкових школах.

The article analyses the life and pedagogical views of Edmund Bojanowski, a Polish public figure and founder of “okhronkas”, or preschool educational institutions. A well-rounded person, poet, translator, folklorist, and philanthropist, he founded the Congregation of the Sisters Servants of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which cared for the okhronkas he established. He was declared blessed by Pope John Paul II. E. Bojanowski was an educator ahead of his time. The concept of holistic education developed by E. Bojanowski has been described. Religion, nature, and history played a leading role in this concept. Within it, the educator defined pathways for the integral development and education of the human person – from the earliest years of life to the attainment of human and Christian maturity. Attention has been focused on integrating religious, moral, patriotic, intellectual, social, labor, physical, health-preserving, and aesthetic education in the concept, taking into account the culture of the region. Based on his concept, the Sisters Servants developed a preschool education program that remains relevant today and has been translated into five languages. Prospects for the implementation of positive ideas in Ukrainian preschools and primary schools have been outlined. At the present stage, the following ideas are relevant in preschool and primary education: ensuring the realism and integrity of education and the harmonious development of children through the implementation of various areas of education; the integration of health-preserving approaches with aesthetic values (healthy, fresh and aesthetically appealing food, etc.); using gymnastics for physical and cognitive development, and music as a means of children’s self-expression; application of a motor method combining group games with singing, dancing, and dramatization; teaching children to overcome difficulties creatively and achieve success.