Регіональні зміни гідро-кліматичних умов міжзонального геоекотону «лісостеп-степ» Правобережної України та їх врахування у розвитку територіальних громад

Abstract

В статті розглядається сучасний стан гідро-кліматичних умов територіальних громад Уманщини та Гайворонщини, розташованих в межах міжзонального геоекотону «лісостеп-степ» Правобережної України. Міжзональний геоекотон «лісостеп-степ» характеризується перехідним кліматом та унікальним біогеографічним складом, є надзвичайно вразливим до антропогенного тиску та кліматичних флуктуацій, що відповідно впливає і на розвиток територіальних громад.

Problem Statement and Goal: the issue of rational use of natural resources, in particular the use of water resources in the context of climate change, is a pressing problem for the development of communities and regions in Ukraine. In modern conditions, the issue of developing and implementing clear guidelines for short-, medium- and long-term development is becoming increasingly relevant. Minimizing the negative impact on the environment of the population should be of key importance in implementing decisions on the sustainable development of basin ecosystems of individual territories of the interzonal geoecotone "forest-steppe" of Ukraine in the context of climate change. Data and Methods. To analyze the current state of basin ecosystems of individual territories of the interzonal geoecotone "forest-steppe" of Ukraine within the Uman and Haivoron regions, achieve the set goal and solve the research tasks, comparative, systemic and ecological research approaches were used. The relevant scientific principles included objectivity, causality, evolution and adaptability. General and specific scientific methods were applied. In particular, field studies in river basins to collect primary data on the hydrological regime, the state of water bodies, biodiversity and anthropogenic impact included the use of generally recognized landscape science methods: profiling, mapping, landscape analysis and synthesis, historical-landscape analysis, the method of analogy and results, interviews with local residents, analysis of various literary and cartographic materials of regional archives and local history museums. Methods of processing and interpreting meteorological data, detection of patterns and correlations, methods of deciphering Sentinel and Landsat satellite images, as well as materials from the Google Earth service were also applied. In general, GIS technology methods were used as end-to-end. Results. Basin ecosystems are fundamental components of the natural environment, providing not only biodiversity, but also a number of vital ecosystem services. In the context of global climate change, which is manifested in Ukraine through increased aridity, changing temperature regimes and the frequency of extreme weather events, the sustainable development of these systems is becoming not just desirable, but critically necessary. Basin ecosystems located within the interzonal geoecotonal “forest-steppe” of Ukraine, where the natural balance is particularly fragile, deserve special attention. This zone, characterized by a transitional climate and a unique biogeographical composition, is extremely vulnerable to anthropogenic pressure and climatic fluctuations. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the processes occurring in these ecosystems and the development of effective adaptation and sustainable management strategies are a priority task to ensure their functioning and the preservation of the natural potential of Ukraine. The study highlights the urgency and complexity of the challenges associated with the sustainable development of basin ecosystems of the interzonal geoecotonal “forest-steppe” of Ukraine in the context of climate change. The results obtained indicate the interrelationship of climatic factors, anthropogenic load and the state of water bodies and adjacent territories, which requires an integrated and interdisciplinary approach to management. To ensure the sustainability and functioning of these ecosystems in the future, it is critically important to develop and implement scientifically based strategies, including: improving hydrometeorological services for the population; taking into account climate change by all economic entities; adaptive water resources management; measures to restore degraded areas; preserving biodiversity and implementing environmentally friendly land management practices. Only through systematic and coordinated cooperation at all levels - from local to national - is it possible to ensure the preservation of the unique natural potential of the southern part of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe and the northern Steppe for future generations.