Сутність та концептуальні засади рекреаційного природокористування

Abstract

Розглянуто сутність та етапи зародження і становлення природокористування, формування його понятійного апарату, концептуальних засад. Фактично природокористування зародилось на стику економічних, соціальних і екологічних наук. Тому йому присвячений цілий цикл праць на міжпредметному рівні. Оскільки розвиток природокористування відбувався на фоні становлення конструктивної географії, то і географи внесли важливу лепту у дослідження його сутнісних сторін. Власне цим аспектам присвячений розгляд наукових праць орієнтовно до 2000 року. Зародження міжнародної стратегії сталого розвитку наприкінці минулого століття розширив сферу наукових досліджень сутності природокористування. Природокористування варто розглядати як міжгалузевий науковий напрям. Методологія рекреаційного природокористування, на думку автора сформувалась у ХХІ столітті і представляє собою систему підходів, принципів та методів, спрямованих на оптимальне використання природних ресурсів для відпочинку та оздоровлення населення, враховуючи при цьому оцінку рекреаційного потенціалу, невиснажливий характер природокористування, забезпечення стійкості геосистем та збереження їх для нинішніх та прийдешніх поколінь.

This paper examines the nature and stages of the emergence and development of natural resource management, as well as the formation of its conceptual framework and theoretical foundations. The development of natural resource management took place in the second half of the last century through numerous publications by foreign and domestic scholars. In fact, nature management originated at the intersection of economic, social and environmental sciences. Consequently, a whole series of works at an interdisciplinary level is devoted to it. Since the development of nature management took place against the backdrop of the emergence of constructive geography, geographers also made a significant contribution to the study of its essential aspects. It is precisely these aspects that are the focus of the review of scientific works up to approximately 2000. Within this sphere, the following main areas of activity are identified: • resource consumption — the extraction and use of natural resources, as well as the utilisation of environmental components as ‘receptacles’ for the disposal of production and consumption waste; • constructive transformation of the natural environment — implementation of comprehensive programmes for its transformation, improvement of resource properties, protection against natural disasters, and elimination of the consequences of negative economic activity; restoration of natural resources — implementation of measures aimed at their regeneration and creation of conditions for the reproduction of renewable resources; • protection of the living environment and natural resources — prevention of the negative consequences of production and consumption activities, preservation and conservation of natural landscapes, maintenance of genetic diversity of bi • management and monitoring — inventorying, recording and monitoring the state of resources, regulating natural resource use and managing the relevant processes. Attention is drawn to the classification scheme for natural resource use developed by foreign researchers, which identifies two main forms — resource-consuming and resource-conserving, three basic types — background, areal and dispersed, as well as eleven types of natural resource use The emergence of the international sustainable development strategy at the end of the last century broadened the scope of scientific research into the nature of nature use. Nature use should be regarded as an interdisciplinary field of study. The methodology of recreational nature use, in the author’s view, took shape in the 21st century and constitutes a system of approaches, principles and methods aimed at the optimal use of natural resources for the recreation and health of the population, whilst taking into account the assessment of recreational potential, the non-depleting nature of nature use, ensuring the sustainability of geosystems and their preservation for present and future generations. Ecological sustainability as the basis for recreational use of nature involves organising activities aimed at the rational use of natural resources for recreation, health improvement and the restoration of people’s physical and mental well-being. The concept of ‘recreational potential’ is examined in the context of the environmental approach. The recreational potential of an area is defined as the combination of conditions and resources that facilitate the development of recreational and tourism activities. European standards for the development of recreational use of the natural environment are based on the principles of sustainability, which envisage a harmonious balance between recreational activities, economic development and the conservation of the natural environment. The concept of a region’s recreational environment involves a comprehensive, integrated presentation of the conditions and resources for recreational and tourism activities within a specific territory. In the scientific literature, the environment is usually structured into several components: the natural environment, the agrotechnical environment (so-called ‘second nature’), the artificial material world created by humans (quasi-nature), and the social environment. It is advisable to apply a similar approach when assessing the recreational potential of territories. This publication examines the main aspects of developing a methodology for recreational nature use.