Бонітетна оцінка сільськогосподарських угідь Північного старостинського округу Львівської територіальної громади

Abstract

Проведено бонітетну оцінку сільськогосподарських угідь Північного старостинського округу Львівської територіальної громади. Розрахунки балів бонітету ріллі показали відмінності між незмитими, змитими і намитими відмінами ґрунтів. Бали бонітету сіножатей, пасовищ і багаторічних насаджень суттєво не відрізняються від балів ріллі. Середньозважені бали бонітету найвищими є на ріллі, а найнижчими – багаторічних насаджень.

The soil quality assessment conducted over 30 years ago is far from the real state of land resources, so it can be argued that the soil quality assessment of agricultural lands currently existing in the state is unreliable. Since 1993, no stage of soil quality assessment has been carried out in Ukraine at the national level, despite the requirements of the Law of Ukraine “On Land Assessment”. Therefore, the land quality assessment of lands is of great importance both scientifically and practically. The object of our research was the lands of the Northern Starostynsky District of the Lviv Territorial Community, namely the lands of the former Hrybovytsky Village Council. The subject of the research is the quality assessment of agricultural lands of this territory. The purpose of our research was to develop general soil quality scores for individual agricultural lands within the study area, based on the data of the technical report from the corrective survey of the Hrybovytsia Village Council and the calculated partial soil quality scores for agricultural crops grown in the study area. The territory of the Northern Starostynsky District is administratively located in the Lviv (until 2020 in Zhovkva) district of the Lviv region. According to the natural and agricultural zoning, the research area is within the Borshchyovytsia natural and agricultural district of the Dniester-West Bug district of the Forest-Steppe zone. On the territory of the Northern Starostynsky District in general and the Hrybovytsia Village Council in particular, the following types of agricultural lands are distinguished - arable land, hayfields, pastures, perennial plantings. According to the currently valid soil assessment methodology, developed in 1992 by scientists of the Institute of Land Management, the Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry named after O.N. Sokolovsky and the National Agrarian University, we conducted a soil assessment of agricultural lands of the Northern Starostyn District of the Lviv Territorial Community, namely on the example of the lands of the former Hrybovytsia Village Council. It was established that the soil cover of this territory is quite diverse. Both automorphic gray and dark gray podzolized and hydromorphic meadow-marsh soils are common here, as well as unwashed soils of plateau areas, and weakly and moderately washed soils of sloping surfaces. Calculations of arable land quality scores showed that unwashed agro-production groups have a higher quality score than their washed counterparts (with a difference of up to 25 points), which is a natural phenomenon. In general, the highest arable land quality score is in podzolized washed soils (agro-production group 208-g – 63.9 points). It is also high in dark gray podzolized unwashed soils (agro-production group 40-g – 51.7 points), as well as in meadow-swamp undrained soils (agro-production group 141-d – 50.2 points). The lowest arable land quality score was calculated for dark gray medium-washed soils (agrogroup 50-g – 25.5 points), as well as for gray podzolized slightly washed soils (agrogroup 37-g – 30.4 points). The calculated arable land quality scores for hayfields, pastures, and perennial plantations by agro-production groups do not differ significantly, with some exceptions, from arable land scores. In most agro-production groups of the study area, the conversion factor is lower than or equal to one, so the arable land quality scores will decrease in accordance with the conversion for the arable land quality score. This applies to the following agro-production groups: 29-g, 37-g, 38-g, 40-g, 50-g, 141-d. In such agricultural production groups as 49-g, 208-g, 210 d, the conversion factors are greater than one, therefore, in these soils, the quality scores of hayfields, pastures and perennial plantations are higher than the quality score of arable land. The weighted average quality scores for agricultural lands showed that the highest scores are for arable land, and the lowest are for perennial plantations. The results of our research should be used by agricultural enterprises for the optimal placement of agricultural lands, when determining the suitability of soils for growing crops, as well as in the ecological assessment of lands and the organization of environmentally friendly land use.