Види моделювання довкілля та особливості їх використання

Abstract

Установлено, что математическое или имитационное моделирование является одним из самых полезных и эффективных форм моделирования, которое выражает существенные черты реальных объектов, процессов, явлений изучаемых различными науками. Главная цель факторного анализа - уменьшение размерности исходных данных с целью их экономного описания при минимальных потерях исходной информации. Результатом факторного анализа является переход от множества исходных переменных к существенно меньшему числу новых переменных - факторов. Фактор при этом интерпретируется как причина общей изменчивости нескольких выходных переменных.

It is found that mathematical or imitating modeling is one of the most useful and effective forms of modeling, which represent the most significant features of real objects, processes, systems and phenomena studied by various sciences. The main purpose of factor analysis - reducing the dimension of the source data for the purpose of economical description by providing minimal loss of the initial information. The result of factor analysis is the transition from the set output variables to significantly fewer new variables - factors. Factor is interpreted as a common cause of the variability of the multiple output variables. The value of the revealed factors is 4,37 and 1.98 respectively. The selected factors include 79,5% of general dispersion (54,7 and 24,8 % respectively). Thus the accumulated percentage of both factors dispersion (79,5 %) defines how fully we can describe the set of date with the help of selected factors. The higher this index is the larger part of the data was factorized and the more credible the factorial model is. In widespread application of modeling in solving the problem of knowledge and environmental protection the combination of two tendencies which are characteristic of the modern science are singled out – cybernation and ecologization. The information systems are used to choose the optimal ways of different resources application in order to predict the consequences of environmental pollution. Nowadays it is impossible to imagine the analysis of environment condition without the computer. There are several programs which concern the regression and can be used in microcomputers. The quantity of such programs is growing rapidly. Concerning geo-information systems software (GIS software) such programs as “raster package” of geographical analysis and image processing “IDRISI” or “model GIS – the sphere of the firm (MGE INTERGRAPH)” should be used.