Гідроекологічний стан р. Збруч унаслідок зміни кліматичних умов

Abstract

Проаналізовано несприятливу гідрологічну ситуацію природного характеру - маловоддя, що сформувалося на річці Збруч у зв’язку зі змінами регіональних кліматичних умов. Встановлено вплив підвищення температури повітря, зниження кількості опадів, висоти снігового покриву як основних факторів зменшення рівня води у річці Збруч.

Проанализировано неблагоприятную гидрологическую ситуацию естественного характера - маловодье, которое сформировалось на реке Збруч в связи с изменениями региональных климатических условий. Установлено влияние повышения температуры воздуха, снижения количества осадков, высоты снежного покрова в качестве основных факторов уменьшения уровня воды в реке Збруч.

There is a dangerous hydrological situation of a natural - shallow water in Ukraine in the last years. According to the statistics of the Hydrometeorological Center of Ukraine of many rivers, water levels have fallen to the lowest markings during the period of regular observations. Thus, in August, 2015, the criteria of shallow water have almost been reached or are approaching them in the majority of rivers in Ukraine and in most rivers of the Transcarpathian Region. The aim of the article was to establish the water regime in the Zbruch river during 2009-2016 and to analyze its connection with the change of climatic indicators during this period. The formation of an unfavorable hydrological situation of the natural - shallow water on the Zbruch river in connection with changes in regional climatic conditions has been analyzed. The influence of increasing the temperature of the air, rainfall, snow cover height as the main factors of reducing the water level in the Zbruch river has been established. It was found that the average annual temperature in the Ternopil region during 2009-2016 is higher than the value adopted to the norm. According to the average annual rates of precipitation in the region, a deficit of precipitation from 2011 is formed. The height of snow cover have a tendency to decrease in the studied years. The water level in the Zbruch river has been reduced to the minimum in the last years from January and August 2015. Climatic changes have caused a complicated hydrological situation on the Zbruch river, which threatens its drying out. In order to create a favorable regime of Zbrush river, it is necessary to continuously monitor the status of the river and to implement a complex of water protection measures.